LAD #21: Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth

Carnegie begins by asserting the development of society that has centralized wealth in the hands of few, whose mansions rise above everyone's cottages. The centralization of this wealth was actually for the good, so we would not all be poor and the rich can remain rich as long as they help society through three modes of contribution.  His first mode would be leaving it to your family which to Carnegie was not ideal since it actually put a burden on their family on what to do with their wealth.  Another is to give all your money to society only when you are dead, which shows that you were too selfish in society to make donation.  The ideal mode of contribution would be to make public donations during your lifetime while he also supported death taxes on estate.

LAD #2:Emancipation Proclamation

In this Doctrine, which went into effect on December 2, 1823, was a statement made by the United States to all of the European powers. In this statement, the Untied States said that none of the European powers were to try and colonize any far of the New World from here on in. The United States, along with Russia and Great Britain believed that it was time for the European powers to end their colonial ventures in the new world and to keep their affairs domestic. The U.S urged that an attempt to colonize nations in the New World would present a threat to American security and the Americans would take appropriate action. The United States recognized many nations such as Mexico and Chile and bolstered a new era of Independence in the New World.

LAD #19: Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address

Lincoln starts off his Second Inaugural Address there is less occasion for him to have a lengthy speech because he was already president once and they were already well into the Civil War. He then goes on to talk about his previous Inaugural Address and how it was before the impending Civil War. He also says the South would've make war than let the nation survive and the North would rather accept war than let it perish. He then talks about how 1/8 of the population is slaves in the South and that he only seeks to contain them. He states that no side predicted how bloody and hard fought this battle would be. He incorporates religion and says that God's will can determine the end of the war even though both sides want it to end. He ends this speech by saying we need to finish our work and create an "everlasting peace."

LAD #18: Dred Scott Decision

At the Scott v. Sanford the court was overlooking the larger issues of negro citizenship and disagreement over the Missouri Compromise so they changed the chief justice from Justice Nelson to Roger Taney. Taney did a better job than Nelson who focused on his opinion rather than the opinion of the majority. Taney stated that because they have negro ancestors that were sold to the country as slaves, even if they are free in the country they can not be considered citizens and not have the rights of a citizen. So this meant that Scott does not have a right to a court because he wasn't a citizen. He then moves to the Missouri Compromise stating that it is unconstitutional because in every state, citizens are guaranteed life, liberty, and property. Since slaves were considered property this essentially made slavery legal in all U.S. states. He concluded the case wrapping up what he just said and adding that Dred Scott was a slave in any state so the court ruled in favor of Sanford.

LAD #17: Ain't I a Woman?

Sojourner Truth speech Ain't I a Woman touches on the fact that slaves, and especially slave women, are treated so much more poorly than whites. She starts off by saying that white women are suppose to be treated kindly and have the best place but no one has ever helped her. She explains how she is treated very poorly because she is the lowest class citizen being a slave and a woman. She than says that people say women can't have as many rights as man because Christ was a man, but Christ was born from a woman so man had nothing to do with Him. She ends with saying women are strong enough to turn the world upside down.

LAD #16: 5th of July Speech

Frederick Douglass starts off his speech referring to himself as what instead of who, symbolizing how he was thought of as property and not a person. He goes on to say who is he to say that the terrible practices such as beating men with sticks, hunting them with dogs, and selling them at auctions is wrong. He says he has better things he can do than list all the things slavery does that is wrong. He then goes on to explain that on the Fourth of July the true hypocrisy of our nation is brought out and that the celebration is a sham. He says that we celebrate freedom and equality in our country when we are really savages who are enslaving people. He then ends with saying that there is no other place in the world that commits a more barbaric act than the people in the United States.

LAD #15: The Gettysburg Address

Abraham Lincoln gave his memorable Gettysburg Address on November 19, 1863, after the Union defeated the Confederacy Army at the Battle of Gettysburg. Lincoln said, the nation was in a civil war that would test if we could endure any longer. He felt the battlefield that brought an end to this war should be remembered as a final resting place for those who lost their lives fighting. The rest of the nation who were still alive, Lincoln said, should dedicate themselves to finish the work those who died left behind. To honor those who died, the living had to resolve the problems they had died for. The people who died will not have died in vain and a new birth of freedom was about to emerge.

LAD #14: Lincolns 1st Inaugural Address

Abraham Lincoln's First Inaugural Address was delivered on March 4th, 1861. This statement started with Lincoln claiming that he had no intention of stopping the activity of slavery in the states that were already slave states, he only wanted to stop the spread of slavery to other states. He then stated that he would protect the rights of states and turn the United States into a patriotic country once again. He also says that the oath that he had taken was meant to protect the Constitution and it made him responsible for enforcing the laws throughout the Union. He also states that he will do anything to keep the United States together as a Union and to avert war between states. He said that if states secede it is unconstitutional, which is how he tried to prevent Civil War by keeping the United States as one Union.

LAD #13 John Calhoun's Speech

In John Calhoun's speech he states that he believes the United States has a threat of disunity. He states that this disunity was a result of the differences between the beliefs of the North and the South. He believed that compromises must be made in order to keep peace and unity within the country and keep both the North and the South happy. He believed the differences between the North and the South would only continue to grow due to the North's increasing prosperity. He states that the only way that both sides could be pleased is if the South gets their rights to the land they own. Also the South should not have to choose the abolition of slavery. Calhoun states that these problems stem from the unequal representation in the government and they need to be solved in order for the country to be unified.

LAD #12 Polk's War Message

President James K. Polk starts off his war message going into the origin of the conflicts between the United States and Mexico.He then goes on to explain how he tried to make peace with the Mexican government but they rejected the offering and attacked nearby American settlements. He says he wants to make diplomatic relations with Mexico which is why he sent John Slidell to Mexico. Slidell a US diplomat was sent to Mexico to discuss the killing of Americans on US land and the Texas boundary but the Mexican government refused to listen to his ideas. The Mexicans were crossing the American border and killing US citizens and Polk decided it was time to declare war on Mexico to protect these men. He asks Congress to recognize the war and start building up troops and supplies. He states it will be a short war to settle their problems.

LAD #11 Seneca Falls Declaration

Summary: 

The Seneca Falls Declaration starts out by referencing the Declaration of Independence in saying "all men and women are created equal." It then goes on to explain the list of grievances that women have in which they have been made below men just like in the Declaration of Independence. These grievances include women not given the right to vote, having to follow laws that they have no say in the formation of, being unable to own land or even their own wages, and many more. It also provides resolutions to these problems that include making women man's equal, that they should be enlightened to the laws which they live under, laws that make women inferior to men should be abolished, and many more. The Seneca Falls Declaration is basically the Declaration of Independence but between women and men rather than the United States and Britain.

LAD #10: The Monroe Doctrine

In the Monroe Doctrine, President James Monroe declares that the American states are free from colonization from any other country. He said that Russia and Great Britain now had peaceful relations with the United States, recognizing it as its own free and independent nation. It also includes that the European powers should stop colonizing in the New World. America wanted the European powers to keep their affairs domestic from now on and not interfere with American ideals. It also states that only if American rights and values are threatened, then it will become involved with other countries because America was trying to stay neutral.

Blog #8

Should Columbus be considered a hero or a villain?

Although Christopher Columbus had many positive impacts on both the America's and Europe because of his discovery of the new world, he should be considered a villain due to the massive amount of deaths he caused. When Christopher Columbus arrived in the America's his intentions were purely sinister. He sought to find gold in the America's to bring back to Spain and even took Native Americans forcing them to help him find it. In addition, he treated Native American's terribly forcibly taking 500 of them back to Europe as well as enslaving thousands more. He would send these slaves on gold hunts for his own benefit and if they came back with nothing he would cut their hands off leaving them to bleed to death. Also he killed thousands of Native American's both intentionally and unintentionally. If groups of Native Americans would resist to being taken as slaves he would commit mass murders slaughtering groups of them. Also in his arrival, in addition to the fear he brought with him he also brought many diseases that the Native Americans were not immune to. These diseases caused massive deaths of Native Americans and spread like wildfire. Also Columbus was a selfish, greedy person even before he found America. On the Santa Maria, the first person to sight land was suppose to get a yearly pension of 10,000 maravedis for life and when one man claimed he spotted land, Columbus said he saw it before him and took the pension. Christopher Columbus was an overall greedy, horrible man who destroyed the lives of the peaceful Indians all for his own selfish desire.

LAD #9

Thomas Jefferson First Inaugural Address

Summary:

Thomas Jefferson begins his First Inaugural Address stating how nervous he is about his upcoming position as President of the United States. He continues with describing how the magnitude of governing the rising, beloved nation of America humbles him. He then explains how through the Constitution and the help of his legislation he will find the wisdom to guide him through his difficulties. Continuing on, Jefferson states that the majority and the minority's voice shall be heard in order to maintain peace throughout the nation. Also, he stresses the importance of becoming untied as a country and to do this the people must follow the laws for the good of the nation. Jefferson then adds what he will do to make the country better. He includes his plan for a well organized militia as well as his promise to protect the peoples' rights such as freedom of religion, freedom of press, and habeas corpus. He then concludes the speech with saying that he won't always do everything right or please everyone but asks that they indulge him for his errors.

LAD #7: Washington's Farewell Address

 This speech was addressed at the end of his second term as president. Although the people wanted him to run for another term he declined, happy retire and live a calm life. In his speech Washington mentioned that the United States should continue a policy of isolationism from foreign affairs as well as remain neutral and not make allies. He explains how the unity of the nation and the government is very important in keeping the people free. However he believed that political parties were bad and would split up the nation which goes against his ideas of freedom and unity of the government. Washington stressed the importance of the Constitution and thanked America for all the opportunities it gave him.

LAD #6: Washington's Proclamation of Neutrality

   The Proclamation of Neutrality stated that the United States would not aid or take sides in the war that consisted of Austria, Prussia, Sardinia, Great Britain and the United Netherlands against France. It also warned citizens to stay away from all acts involving it and if they help any country they will be punished and not protected by the United States.

LAD #5: The Federalist #10

1. Why are factions so difficult to eliminate?

Factions are so difficult to eliminate because they are just groups of people with the same ideas. People, whether in the majority or the minority of opinions naturally want to group together and share their opinions. If factions were taken away from us the government would be controlling our opinions and taking away our natural rights. The government can not control the opinions of people it would go against the ideas of democracy and liberty in America.

2. If factions cannot be removed then how can they be controlled?

Factions can be controlled by either removing the causes of the faction of controlling the effects. To control factions if they are a minority, they can be ruled out by the majority using a republican approach. If the faction is a majority the government gives it a choice to surrender for the good of the people.

Republican Motherhood Blog

1. What role did the Revolutionary War play in the transformation from housewifery to Republican Motherhood?

The Revolutionary War played a major role in this transformation because while the men were out fighting in the war, the women stayed at home maintaining the house and teaching the future generation of
America. This then lead to the new generation growing up with their mothers teaching them about democracy and patriotism (Document A). The generation grew to be respectable men and kept the women's role of teaching pride in America high.

2. What were the consequences of Republican Motherhood on women?

The consequences of Republican Motherhood were positive for women. People now thought of women as having highly-cultivated intellect and leading the young inquiring minds (Document A). They also thought that education would be proper out of women and that they are the guardians of their husbands property. This showed women could have a lot more responsibility and were respected more.

3. What is the significance of the ideology of Republican Motherhood as a stage in the process of women's socialization?

The ideology of Republican Motherhood greatly helped the development of women's socialization. Women were now "qualified... to concur in instruction their sons in the principles of liberty and government "(Document B). This was a step into trusting women and giving women their own voice in liberty and government. Women were now starting to get more social equality because of Republican Motherhood.

1. Describe the setting.

The setting is in a gray room with Mary Gibson Tilghman and her two sons on a red couch.

2. Who serves at the center of the portrait and why? How does the woman look? How is she "republican" rather than aristocratic?

At the center of the portrait is Mary Gibson Tilghman and her two sons next to her. She looks like she is wearing common clothes of the time and the portrait depicts her as having some responsibility in the family and is gaining prominence in family matters as she is in the middle. She looks "republican" because she is supporting up her two sons which represents how she raises the using Republican Motherhood.

3. What values do her son's exhibit?

The son's represent being loyal, respectable sons raised during Republican Motherhood. They are very close to the mother symbolizing their loving relationship and also are very well dressed and look obedient to their mother. They are raised to be respectful gentleman that are intelligent and patriotic for America.

4. Is there a significance to the position of Mrs. Tilghman's arms?

Mrs. Tilghman's arms are around her younger son which is very significant to the idea. Mrs. Tilghman's arms represent that she is raising up the younger kids to become respectable and independent men. It shows that she is supporting her son and raising him up to be able to have his own thoughts in government and be respectful and obedient.

Blog #4 - Revolution Article

1. Although not close to the massive amount of the Civil War, the American Revolution had a large amount of deaths with 1 in 4 soldiers in the continental army being killed. However it was America's longest war which attributed to the 30,000 that perished in the war.

2. Civil war weapons were far more advanced than weapons of the Revolutionary War which meant that armies needed to fire at closer ranges and use hand to hand combat. Men fought in the open in very close range which is why the Americans turned to using guerilla warfare to avoid being hit.

3. Survivors of battles often had to face a long walk to captivity. Captives were constantly murdered on the walk so much that the general had to issue an order saying to restrain from killing. The British went through horrible conditions if they survived the initial slaughtering and many died because of lack of necessities.

4. Before Washington's attack at Trenton in 1776, the soldiers went through horrible conditions especially during the winter. Men had no food and little clothes. They were said to be naked and so short of food they consumed dogs and shoes. Men were forced to gnaw on tree bark and walk through snow barefoot.

5. An unusual amount of civilian deaths occurred during the civil war mostly due to diseases being spread by the incoming soldiers. At Braintree, Mass. more than 100 residents fell ill when diseases from the soldiers on the nearby front spread over. 

LAD #3: Declaration of Independence

1. The Declaration of Independence includes many democratic principles such as all men are created equal and the three unalienable rights for men: life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. It also gives the power of the government to the people that are being governed and if the government turns corrupt, abusing their power, then the people have a right to overthrow the government. It focused on giving power to the people so America would not turn into Britain and have a corrupt leader.

2. The list of grievances was a list of all the wrongdoings of the British Government and King George III. These included King George III's refusal to pass laws unless he benefited from them as well as complaints about taxing and not letting America trade with any other countries.Other grievances include the standing armies kept among the Americans in times of peace and depriving the Americans of trial by jury.

3. The conclusions of the Declaration of Independence states that America has warned Britain many times of the circumstances they were under and Britain ignored them. It also states that the United States is and has the right to be free and independent states completely free of British control. This means that America has the right to levy war, conduct peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and everything a country should be able to do, without the British controlling it.

LAD #2 John Peter Zinger

LAD #2 John Peter Zenger

1. John Peter Zenger was the publisher and editor for The New York Weekly Journal during around 1733. Zenger printed articles opposed to Governor Cosby's actions persecuting governor Rip Van Dam and removing Chief Justice Lewis Morris from the courts and was put in jail, being tried for seditious libel.

2. The controversy over his chargers were that since the statements were published against the governor it should be enough to convict him. Hamilton argued that the statements published were not false so Zenger was found not guilty.

3. This case influenced American governmental tradition in that it established that true statements can not be proved libelous even if they are defamatory.

4. The lasting significance of this trial is that it confirmed the right to freedom of press in America. People could now post criticisms of officials without the worry of going to trial for libel. It also helped to strengthen the democracy in the growing nation.

LAD #1: Mayflower Compact & Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Christian Ward
Mr. Decarlo
AP American Period 2
7 September 2013

LAD #1

1. The Mayflower Compact includes concepts such as maintaining loyalty to England and King James, an acknowledgement of deep faith in God and his guidance, and the creation of just and equal laws to govern the first colony being created in Virginia. 

2. The Mayflower Compact reflects attachment to both old and new worlds because it shows the importance of staying loyal to King and native England which is a characteristic of the old world. However, the Mayflower Compact also makes important the creation of new government in which the majority including all citizens would have a say in the government.

3. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut differed from The Mayflower Compact in that the Fundamental Orders were a actual written constitution with specific laws and regulations that governed the colony, while the Mayflower Compact was just a written plan to make a government and did not include as specific details.

4.The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut was prompted by the colonists because they were in need of a strong form of government in order to be able to govern all of the small towns that were now being brought together to create the colony. Also they believed it was God's request and their duty to create a civilized colony to keep peace.

5. The Fundamental Orders reflect a fear and safeguard against an uprising in that the government is democratic and the people elect the officials. This shows they were afraid of a bad leader who would make people revolt and instead let the people decide who they want leading them.

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